Those pesky acne spots finally disappeared, but their scars remain. They are a reminder of those frustrating pimples. These scars or skin blemishes hide the beauty and become the center of attention whenever we look at our faces. These scars turn down the otherwise attractive appearance. Worry not! A revolutionary therapy has entered the cosmetic field.
Let me present to you- The Exosome Therapy.
After tedious and meticulous research in the lab, experts have formulated this cutting-edge therapy. It reduces acne scars and ageing effects, transforming your skin holistically. Discover the what and how of exosome therapy below. Wait a minute. What about acne? Where do they come from? How do these acne scars or skin blemishes form?
Acne
It all starts from the sebaceous glands. They are present beneath the skin and are connected to the skin hair follicle. They routinely secrete sebum. Sebum contains fatty acids or lipids that seal the moisture to prevent dryness. Also, sebum has antimicrobial molecules that fight off infection.
The Initial Stage: Sebum secretion is beneficial. However, some factors trigger the overproduction of sebum. The increased sebum and dead skin cells clog the hair follicle pore, resulting in a whitehead that is difficult to remove. Sometimes, the pore remains open instead of closed, and this is called a blackhead. It acquires the black colour due to the oxidized lipids and melanin and is a bit easy to remove. Until now, the situation is still under control.
The Inflammation Stage: However, the problem arises when Cutibacterium acnes invade the pore. This bacteria occurs naturally in the skin and is usually harmless. However, the increased sebum, or fatty acids, provide a favorable environment for its growth. The surrounding cells of sebaceous glands (sebocytes) and skin (keratinocytes) recruit the immune system. The whole process of arrival of the immune cells at the site and their action is named inflammation.
That is where things take a disastrous turn. The clogged pore transforms into a papule (a red bump), pustule (a red bump with a white center), which aggravates into a cyst (a bump on and beneath the skin surface), and nodule (large-sized boil-like bumps).
What factors might cause acne? There are many, including hormonal changes, genetic factors, certain medications, cosmetics, excessive UV exposure, smoking, and dietary habits.
Acne Scars
But acne is not where it all ends. The immune cells that arrive to fight off the bacterial growth disrupt the follicle membrane, resulting in skin damage. This damage activates the skin’s healing mechanisms, which progress in three phases: the proliferative phase, the re-epithelialization phase, and the remodelling phase.
Proliferative Phase: The immune cells stimulate the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts to repair the damage. These fibroblasts produce collagen, a component of the extracellular matrix, which forms a preliminary coating on the damaged site.
Re-epithelialization Phase: Fibroblasts further stimulate the proliferation and migration of keratinocytes. Keratinocytes form the proper layer of skin on the wounded site.
Remodelling Phase: Fibroblasts convert to myofibroblasts to confer contractility to the skin, thus reducing the wound size. Myofibroblasts also induce the matrix-degrading enzymes and their inhibitors. Together, they tightly control the matrix around the newly deposited skin layer.
Disturbance in any one of the healing processes can cause acne scars. They can be atrophic or hypertrophic. Atrophic scars are depressions in the skin that seem like potholes in the road, whereas hypertrophic scars are just their opposite and bulge outwards.
The Exosome Therapy
Structure of Exosomes: Imagine a spherical gift box with different varieties of candies in it. Exosomes are pretty similar to that. This spherical box, or exosome, is tiny, falling 30-150 nm. The gift box is a double-layered or bi-layered structure. The bilayer prevents the candies from spilling out and has specific proteins to identify by the receiver, usually cells. The bilayer composition also eases the entry of exosomes into the cells.
Composition of Exosomes: Now, let’s talk about the candies. These are biological cargoes that exosomes release into the cells after entering. They affect many pathways that initiate the repair and regeneration process. Following are the biomolecules present in exosomes:
- Growth Factors: They stimulate cells’ growth and proliferation, promoting wound healing.
- RNAs: They alter gene expression and affect diverse functions.
- Proteins: Exosomes also contain heat shock proteins, transporter proteins, fusion proteins, and others that regulate different signalling pathways.
- Cytokines: They control the inflammation of the cells
- Lipids: Lipids, like ceramides, maintain the structural integrity of the tissue, aid in its hydration, and permit the permeation of exosomes in the skin.
Functions of Exosomes: Exosomes are secreted by all the cells. Their primary objective is to establish communication with the surrounding cells. Thus, the biomolecules they carry and the resultant signalling effects of exosomes depend on the cells from which they originate.
Ok, but what’s with the hype around them?
Considering exosomes acquire the properties of the parent cell, scientists extracted exosomes from stem cells, which are known for their regeneration potential. The stem cell-derived exosomes also demonstrated the same properties. They boost the natural healing process of cells, which repairs the damage. They also enhance the regeneration process, which restores the normal healthy state of cells. This rejuvenation property has earned exosomes an excellent reputation in the aesthetic field.
Exosome Treatment for the Acne Scars
We discussed that acne scars result from an imbalance in the healing process. Scarless healing requires less inflammation, more collagen type III, and fewer myofibroblasts. With its multifaceted approach, exosome therapy deals with causes at the root or cellular level to regulate the healing mechanism.
Silence the Inflammation: The exosomal cytokines reduce inflammation. The other biomolecules of exosomes also increase the cells’ production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. They also consume the free oxygen radicals that can trigger inflammation.
Skin Revival with Cell Proliferation: Exosomes lower the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. They also promote blood vessel formation to supply nutrients for cell proliferation. By intracellular communication, they regulate the complex interplay between different cells for balanced healing.
Remodelling the skin: Exosome therapy maintains a healthy ratio of matrix-degrading enzymes and their inhibitors—the type of collagen produced during healing changes from Type III to Type I. For scarless healing, exosomes increase the collagen type III/I ratio. Furthermore, they promote the synthesis of collagen and elastin to replace their disorganized counterparts.
The Hyaluronic Acid Advantage: Hyaluronic acid is a part of the skin matrix and is also found in several dermal fillers. Exosomes inhibit the degradation of hyaluronic acid and boost its synthesis.
Brighten the skin: The darkening of acne scars or skin blemishes is frequent and termed post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. Exosomes inhibit the melanin-producing enzyme, thus reducing hyperpigmentation.
Skin Remodeling: Exosomes can improve the appearance of scars by promoting better tissue repair and regeneration. This helps remodel the dermal matrix, leading to an enhanced scar appearance. The diverse mechanisms of exosomes effectively treat both deep and shallow acne scars.
Conclusion
Acne impacts 90% of teenagers and continues at a later age as well. The acne scars or skin blemishes decrease the facial appeal of a person. It negatively affects a person’s self-image and leaves a profound psychological impact. The Advancexo exosome therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for these scars. Their scientists have extracted them from Wharton’s jelly (umbilical cord) mesenchymal stem cells due to the absence of age-induced adverse effects on these cells. Their exosomes are a 100% natural product and completely safe to use. So try this groundbreaking technology and break free from the acne scars.
FAQs
Acne can result from hormonal changes, dietary habits, genetic factors, excess sun exposure, smoking, cosmetics, medications, etc.
Acne scars can be hypertrophic or atrophic. Atrophic acne appears as depressions on the skin and is further classified as icepick (deep and narrow), boxcar (shallow and wide), and rolling (giving a rolling appearance on the skin). Hypertrophic scars are raised above the skin.
Exosomes govern diverse pathways involved in wound healing mechanisms, such as inflammation, cell proliferation, blood vessel formation, and remodeling. All these effects effectively reduce the scar.
Advancexo provides a 100% natural product. Their exosomes treat acne scars and confer anti-aging effects.
